Les criminels : ude concernant 859 condamn / par le Dr. Charles Perrier.
A 1900 French criminology study published in Lyon and Paris by Dr. Charles Perrier, cataloguing 859 convicted prisoners for a medical and scientific readership. Its pictures are plain black-and-white head-and-shoulders portraits in halftone-like engraving, showing men in dark coats against a cream ground, with one or two sitters wearing spectacles; a designer might take their frontal and three-quarter poses and tonal shading as a model for documentary portraiture.
