The study of the human face
A London book of 1865 by Thomas Woolnoth, published by W. Tweedie, on physiognomy, the reading of character from facial features, and on feminine beauty, aimed at general readers and students of the face. Its pictures are close-cropped stipple or line engravings of faces showing a range of expressions, from wide-eyed alarm to a sly half-smile, with fine hatched shading on skin, hair and jowls. A designer could draw on the tonal modelling and crosshatched hair texture as a reference for expressive portrait work.
