Primer on Eight Varieties of Painting (Hasshu gafu 八集画譜)
This is a Chinese woodblock-printed painting manual, the Hasshu gafu, published in 1672 with calligraphic inscriptions beside each landscape. It was meant for students and amateur painters learning to copy landscape models. The pictures show ink-line landscapes with lakeside pavilions, pine trees, rocky cliffs, and small figures, drawn in fine, economical strokes a designer could use for compact, uncluttered scenic vignettes.
