Empresas espirituales y morales ...
Empresas espirituales y morales is a 1613 devotional book of spiritual and moral emblems by Juan Francisco de Villava, printed in Baeza by Fernando Díaz de Montoya. The pictures are small woodcut emblems, each a framed device with a Latin motto on a scroll above a single symbolic image such as a bird, sheaf of wheat, bundle of arrows or a flowering branch. A designer could take from them the compact, self-contained emblem format, with a motto band, a bordered panel and a centred symbol set against plain text.
