Astronomicum cæsareum
Astronomicum Caesareum, printed in 1540 at Ingolstadt by the mathematician Peter Apian and dedicated to the Habsburg emperors Charles V and Ferdinand I, is a large astronomy book of volvelles. Its pictures are hand-coloured octagonal instruments with rotating paper wheels, star rays, and bordered scales, and a designer might draw on their radiating geometry, layered colour bands, and dense lettered rings.
