Scientific American, Vol. 44, No. 9 (1881)
Scientific American, volume 44, number 9, published in 1881, was a weekly American magazine for engineers, inventors and general technical readers, and this issue's engravings show industrial processes, tools and instruments. The pictures are black-and-white wood engravings with clear, orderly compositions and labelled captions, offering a designer useful examples of 19th-century technical line drawing, with figures set in workshop interiors and dense hatched shading.













