Scientific American, Vol. 40, No. 3 (1879)
A weekly American periodical of 1879 for engineers, inventors and tradesmen, its pages filled with wood-engraved views of machines and workshops. The pictures show a grinding or crushing mill, a laboratory air pump with its glass receiver and fittings, a horizontal steam pumping engine with a tall cone-topped chimney, and workers at a bench-mounted machine shaping pencils from a basket of wood blanks. A designer could draw on their dense, precise line work, cast-iron detailing, and the period diagram style with lettered reference marks.
