Torsion of wing trusses at diving speeds
This is a 1921 technical report from the NASA Technical Reports Server, a government aeronautical research paper on how biplane wing trusses twist under diving loads, written for engineers and aircraft designers. Its three plots chart drag and spar loads against angle of attack for an R.A.F.-15 wing, spar deflection along the wing tip, and normal spar loads across the bays of a truss. The graphs are functional line charts with no decorative content, so a designer would take from them only the clean grid-and-curve vocabulary of engineering diagrams.
